When you use which to ask a simple question, you don't need a comma. You also don't need a comma before which when it's used as part of an indirect question. An indirect question has been rewritten in a declarative style that doesn't require a question mark. I wondered which is your favorite Don't place a comma before which when which is part of a prepositional phrase. Don't use a comma before which when it's used to pose an indirect question. We use which with nonrestrictive clauses, while we use that with restrictive clauses. When used with a restrictive clause, you don't need to put a comma before that Do not use a comma before 'which' if you could replace your 'which' with 'that.' This trick works because 'which' without a comma is used to head a defining clause, just like 'that.' This page has examples explaining when to use commas before 'which' and 'who' and when to omit commas. It also has an interactive exercise
Dependent clauses (clauses introduced by words like that, which, who, where, how, etc.) are usually neither preceded nor followed by a comma. For example: For example: correct Cars that don't have seat belts aren't allowed to carry children So there should be a comma before which and after the end of the phrase (as you have already done) Your usage is correct. The comma would not be needed if which is a part of a prepositional phrase like 'The box in which my shoes are kept, is brown.
Use commas after introductory a) clauses, b) phrases, or c) words that come before the main clause. a. Common starter words for introductory clauses that should be followed by a comma include after, although, as, because, if, since, when, while. While I was eating, the cat scratched at the door Deciding whether to use a comma before which, where, or who means determining the function of the relative clause. These words are called relative pronouns. When the information that follows the relative pronouns is essential to the sentence, you do not use a comma. When the information is extra and the sentence is clear without it, you put a comma before the relative pronoun. Example: I want. Slightly more complex is the question of whether you should use a comma before while. While is a subordinating conjunction, but in some circumstances it can act as an adverb of concession as well. In these circumstances it should have a comma before it. If you can replace while with as, then it shouldn't have a comma before it Commas are needed before coordinating conjunctions, after dependent clauses (when they precede independent clauses), and to set off appositives. The Oxford comma reduces ambiguity in lists. Visit. A comma is a form of punctuation that indicates a pause in a sentence and separates items in a list. Commas should be used before and when joining two independent clauses or when compiling a list. Commas can separate adjectives, offset nonessential phrases, and introduce direct quotations. Oxford commas are also known as serial or Harvard commas
Languages such as German, Czech and Polish have the rule that a comma should be inserted before every subordinate clause. In English we do not have this rule (if we did, I would have put a comma between rule and that in the previous sentence). This issue is not limited to subordinate clauses beginning with that The comma placed before and (or, nor) is not obligatory, but it is recommended because it sometimes disambiguates the sentence. (6) Tom's favorite dishes are tomatoes, fish and chips, and toasts. Sentence (6) means that Tom likes fish and chips, and he also likes toasts. Without the comma before and it is unclear how to group the last three. Always place a comma before or when it begins an independent clause, but if it begins a dependent clause, don't. In a series (or list) of three or more items, you can use a comma before or, but this is a preference, not a rule. People often get muddled about whether to place a comma before conjunctions like and, so, because, and or When you insert a comma before as, its meaning changes to because. Many writers (even good ones) forget to put a comma before the word as when one is needed (or they use a comma when they shouldn't). Writers tend to make this mistake when forming sentences in which as separates two independent clauses comma before 'to' / 'for' / 'so' [preposition, conjunction] Thread starter navi; Start date Mar 10, 2005 < Previous | Next > N. navi Banned. armenian Mar 10, 2005 #1 Are these sentences correct: 1-I didn't go out, to study for my exam. 2-I didn't go out, so that I could take care of my bedridden grandmother. 3-I didn't go out, for her not to be alone. Aren't the commas necessary in these.
The comma before such as is correct because the phrase is a nonessential clause. You can safely delete it if you want without losing the context. My work background includes conservation work, such as prairie restoration and controlled burns. Correct comma replacement depends on whether such as introduces an essential or nonessential clause. If it is nonessential, proper grammar includes the. Comma before 'whereas', 'while', and 'although' by Jakub Marian. Tip: See my list of the Most Common Mistakes in English. It will teach you how to avoid mistakes with commas, prepositions, irregular verbs, and much more. Should you precede a subordinate clause with a comma? This depends on whether the subordinate clause contains essential information that cannot be.
Do you know when I would need a comma before where and when I would not need a comma? ***NOT A TEACHER*** Good morning. (1) You have asked a very good question. (2) It all depends on what you wish to convey. (3) I suspect that No. l expresses your intended meaning; (a) Yes, you need a comma. (b)The words after the comma are what the books call a nonrestrictive clause. That is, it is just extra. Use a comma before the conjunction when the sentence halves can stand alone. 2. Don't use a comma before the conjunction when the second clause can't stand alone. 3. Use a comma after the conjunction when it is followed by an interruption. Examples of the comma before and, so, yet and or. He went to London for two weeks, and he stayed at an expensive hotel. Susan loves her cat, and she. Both are correct, as commas must be used after every clause, except the one that comes before 'and'. That comma is optional. There are some rare exceptions though, where the 'Oxford comma' must be used. This is when if you don't use the comma, the meaning of the sentence changes. For example, take this sentence: 'Please bring me a pencil, eraser, and notebook.' Without the Oxford. Many writers seem to use a comma before which when it is not necessary or to forgo using a comma when one is needed. A major reason for the commonality of this kind of mistake is that both ways can be grammatically correct. It is the context that determines which of the two are correct in any given circumstance. Another reason for this mistake is that, often, the difference between using a. Re: Using a comma before which 1. When the which clause refers to the whole preceding sentence: He punched me in the jaw and knocked me out, which I... 2. Before a non-defining relative clause, as in your first example, and possibly the second. (I think the second example..
Try to substitute thatfor which. If thatworks, your phrase is restrictive and you don't need comma(s) If thatdoesn't work, your phrase is nonrestrictive and you need comma(s) There's nothing wrong with a restrictive which, but if you want to write more clearly stick to thatfor restrictive and whichfor nonrestrictive Traditional grammar dictates that you use that when the phrase is restrictive and which when the phrase is nonrestrictive. In that case, you would always have the comma before which and never have the comma before that.
Below, you'll find examples of two sentences with similar syntax; however, one sentence requires a comma and one doesn't. Mammals including bears and rabbits have fur. Mammals, including dolphins and humans, are warm-blooded. The first example does not require commas before and after the phrase, including bears and rabbits (a) Yes, you need a comma. (b)The words after the comma are what the books call a nonrestrictive clause. That is, it is just extra information. If you erased the words, it would make no difference to the meaning. (c) I will be working in the private sector because jobs will be abundant in the private sector. That is your main point The rule is actually very simple, if you could remove the which-clause without changing the meaning of... Got confused when you should put a comma before which There are two ways to break the original line apart. With . . . is either a long preposition which doesn't need a comma, or it's a parenthetical which does need one. There are two correct readings. The punctuation will actually decide. The comma says it's a parenthetical. Maybe it would work better without it. It's possible. I'm just reading it as it's on the page Remember: When contrasting two facts, use a comma. When talking about time, don't use a comma. Although Although also has two meanings. When it is used to provide supplementary information that partly negates what has been said previously (in which case it can basically be replaced by but), you should use a comma
* Note that 'but' and 'and' do not take a comma when both are relatively short. ** restrictive relative clause= they tell us which person or thing, or which kind of person or thing, is meant; non-restrictive relative clause = they tell us more about a person or thing that is already identified. *** When an appositive is only one word, no comma is needed. Thanks to Kai. Explanation. Use a comma to separate the elements in a series (three or more things), including the last two. He hit the ball, dropped the bat, and ran to first base. You may have learned that the comma before the and is unnecessary, which is fine if you're in control of things. However, there are situations in which, if you don't use this comma (especially when the list is complex or lengthy), these last two items in the list will try to glom together (like macaroni and cheese). Using a comma betwee
Commas before or after conjunctions. Leave a comment. The position of a comma can often reflect the sense in which the word is being used. Taking the word but for example, if it is being used to join two independent clauses together then there should be a comma before but. I used to be a werewolf, but I'm much better naaaoowwwwwww! If the clauses aren't fully independent, i.e. would not. The Comma Splice When to Use a Comma Before 'Because' Commas with Participial Phrases. About the Author. Mignon Fogarty . Mignon Fogarty is the founder of Quick and Dirty Tips and the author of seven books on language, including the New York Times bestseller Grammar Girl's Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing. She is an inductee in the Podcasting Hall of Fame, and the show is a five-time.
1. Use a comma before the conjunction when the sentence halves can stand alone. 2. Don't use a comma before the conjunction when the second clause can't stand alone. 3. Use a comma after the conjunction when it is followed by an interruption Should you be putting a comma before that word. Sometimes. Some people will miss out the comma when it should be there whereas others will put it in what it doesn't need to be. Do you need comma before though? You should be using the comma before though, when though could be replaced with however. But not when it could be replaced by despite the fact Both are correct, as commas must be used after every clause, except the one that comes before 'and'. That comma is optional. There are some rare exceptions though, where the 'Oxford comma' must be used. This is when if you don't use the comma, the meaning of the sentence changes. For example, take this sentence Second, using the serial comma - a comma before and or or in a series of three or more items (a, b, and c) - is a matter of style. In the USA, it's usually called the Oxford comma and is.
Do not use a comma before because when it's an adverb. When because relates to a noun phrase, it's an adverb. It's an adverb because it relates to why an action happened. I was promoted because of my competence. Notice that there's no verb after because. With a comma inserted before all right, the implication is of emphasis on the fact of the accomplishment: We did it, all right. 4. They offered a free pass to boot. Without a comma preceding to boot (which means as a bonus), the phrase appears to describe an action that is, thanks to the pass, complimentary. The comma signals that to boot is an appendage.
The comma before the word and in a list of three or more things is the Oxford comma. It's also called the Serial comma. Writers use it to separate the last item in a list to avoid uncertainty or misunderstandings. One classic example that is often quoted is, to my parents, Ayn Rand, and God. Without the comma, it could be misconstrued that the parents were god and Ayn Rand. Advertisements. Adding commas (or not) around the conjunctive adverb does not affect the comma before the conjunction, and adding a comma before the conjunction does not affect the commas around the conjunctive adverb. For example, see my previous statement: It has no subject following 'but' and, therefore, does not need a comma before 'but. Regeln zur englischen Kommasetzung :: Seite 10. Erklärungen und Übungen zur englischen Grammatik und zum Wortschatz als PDF-Datei finden Sie auch in unserem Online-Shop auf lingolia.shop.Die Materialien sind auch als Unterrichtsmaterial für Lehrer geeignet
As for the comma before but - in your sentence I think it is preferable because it makes for easier reading. As you know, unless the sentence is very short, a comma does come before but when it introduces the second independent clause. It's true that the subject of your second clause, they, is omitted, but the comma would be there otherwise. Maybe some newspapers would omit the comma. The comma comes before the first quotation mark. Note that the final quotation mark follows the full stop at the end of the direct speech: Steve replied, 'No problem.' You also need to use a comma at the end of a piece of direct speech, if the speech comes before the information about who is speaking. In this case, the comma goes inside the quotation mark: 'I don't agree,' I replied. Commas have many uses, but the situations in which they are used can be broken down into four major categories: Put a comma before a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) that separates two independent clauses. Put a comma after introductory words, phrases, or clauses in a sentence The comma goes before but when we're joining two independent clauses. Examples: I ran to the store for fresh ginger root, but they didn't have any. He wanted to adopt the dog, but he couldn't afford to. She's written to the governor, but she doesn't expect a reply..
A comma is needed before so when it's acting as a conjunction to bring together two independent clauses. An independent clause is a complete thought with its own subject and predicate. In this situation, each clause is equal in weight, and neither clause is dependent on the other to make sense Comma before as below? If yes, why? Or use no commas, as in this example? jakeybum, Jan 7, 2018 #1. Oxymaroon Contributor Contributor. Joined: Dec 25, 2017 Messages: 689 Likes Received: 711 Location: Ontario, Canada. Yes, there should be one, as shown in the diagram on the left. Oxymaroon, Jan 7, 2018 #2. OJB A Mean Old Man Contributor. Joined: Nov 19, 2016 Messages: 1,340 Likes Received.
Here's a good, thorough resource for comma rules, and here's a more user-friendly one that will probably still suit your needs. That might seem like a lot, but it's still far less than you'd need to memorize if you try to build up a complicated when do I use a comma before {word} system Notice also that when a non-restrictive phrase comes in the middle of a sentence, it is set off by commas both before after the whole example phrase Is a comma required before then (as shown in all examples below) when it appears as the last word of a sentence? Joe said, If Margie shows up, I am not going, then. Harry said, Why don't you give up and quit, then? Lisa asked, How come, then? Karen asked, Why not, then? Bob said, I will be going, then, if there is plenty of beer Cristina has written to ask how we use commas in relative clauses. So here are two very easy easy things to remember. 1) Compare: A) The place where I went to school is a wonderful town. and B) Edinburgh, where I went to university, is a beautiful city
Many writers add a comma before the word too (when it is intended to mean also or as well) because that's how they feel it would sound most natural if read aloud. Remember that commas are used to indicate brief pauses between words. What would sound more natural is largely subjective, and could easily vary between writers depending on how they speak. However, despite. There is no rule that requires a comma before und. However, since und is often used to introduce a sub-sentence it will appear as if there is a comma before und. But no! It is the comma that signals the end of the previous sub-sentence. Compare also aber which often has a similar role: Du bist groß, aber ich bin klein. Note how the presence of the comma does not mean there are any rules. Should I put a comma before due? However, a slippery slope appears inevitable due to the insatiable desire to live longer and better. Answer Save. 4 Answers. Relevance. khahrosh. Lv 7. 10 years ago. Favorite Answer. Actually, yes, you should. If you're writing a short story, an essay or a novel, you should proofread it, trying to hear the words in your head as you go along. For example. Use a comma before every sequence of three numbers . Example: The temperature outside felt like it was 235,000 degrees. This rule does not apply to house numbers or years. Now, make sure you never.
The rules governing the use of gerunds and commas can be confusing for two reasons: first, gerunds are unusual constructions that make a verb do the traditional work of a noun. They can be unwieldy and awkward devices, and it's not always clear how they properly function within a sentence. To make matters worse, the. By skipping the comma, you deemphasize the too by integrating it into the sentence. If you're looking for a guideline, use the comma when you want the extra emphasis. Otherwise, skip it. Me, I find that old habits die hard. I'll continue to use commas before too, also, and either whenever possible It will always have a comma before and after its placement to draw attention to its inclusion. Everyone was home, but, and this is important, no one heard him knocking at the door. This goal of this sentence is to emphasize the unusual situation with an interrupter. In these cases, it's helpful to understand the context to determine if the comma is necessary. You should always use a comma. In general, you should put a comma before the word but when the word connects two independent clauses. An independent clause can function on its own without the rest of the phrase. A dependent clause needs the other clause to work as a sentence. For instance, the sentence: I would accept the assignment, but I have too many assignments to write already. In this case, both clauses.
Adding a comma can change the meaning of a sentence. In a long sentence, you can use commas to separate out extra information and make the sentence easier to read. These commas do the same job as. In each of these cases, we can remove what comes between the commas (or what comes before the only comma) without damaging the basic sentence - They discussed the problem for hours but found no solution. There came a clap of thunder. I think that you should let the matter rest. Larks fly higher than most other birds. There are circumstances, however, in which these comma omissions can cause. Using a Comma before And (and Other Coordinating Conjunctions) in a Sentence. If the number of page visits is a reliable indicator, this topic—using a comma before and—is on the minds of many people.The third most oft-visited on this site, this page garnered close to 10,000 hits in the past thirty days You can use a comma before who, that, and which when the clause is non-restrictive (non-essential to the sentence), or omit the comma for restrictive clauses (essential to understanding the sentence)
Komma vor which in diesem Fall?/Comma before which in this case? Kommentar: Each of them has its own magazine which offers further information on the department's respective work and projects. Thus, the institute has succeeded in winning a number of EU projects which will, because of their thematic orientation, help the institute to be seen increasingly as an opinion leader in the. 7 months ago. I would say that you need a comma before which as the phrase after which implies additional/further information. In the line,women are generally not allowed to go outside without any companion after marriage..., the sentence means that women are not allowed to go outside alone after marriage
Topic: A comma before 'which' (Read 15479 times) Miss Mae. Hero Member Karma: +0/-0 Posts: 468. A comma before 'which' « on: August 27, 2012, 02:17:40 PM » One of the things I'm very careful about is to put a comma before which. So why has this sentence got printed? Looked at from another angle, the aim of the Long March to resist Japan in north China was to allow CCP members to rest and. Also, WHICH will almost always be preceded by a comma because it starts a NON-ESSENTIAL modifier. The above sentence is basically stating that My car is ten years old. The fact that it is red in color is not essential to the statement. Therefore, you would use WHICH, preceded by a comma. If the statement were I'm unsure about commas and of which. Is the sentence below correct, or should I omit the comma before of which? Is the comma necessary? I'm copyediting and can only alter the text for correct punctuation/grammar. This number was reduced to 33, of which only 16 reported an empirical research study using focus groups If you're writing an informal piece and starting your sentence with but, it's best to use a comma after it. Likewise, if you're adding a clause after which, you'll need a comma after it as well. Also works in the same way. If you're adding more information, a comma after also will set things up nicely Use a comma. between elements (including before and and or) in a series of three or more items. to set off a nonessential or nonrestrictive clause, that is, a clause that embellishes a sentence but if removed would leave the grammatical structure and meaning of the sentence intact
Commas with Conditional Sentences - Writing English. Use a comma if the if clause is at the beginning of the sentence. Example: If I go to London, I will visit the Tower. Don ' t use a comma if the if clause is at the end of the sentence. Example: I will visit the Tower if I go to London. Exercise. see also: → Conditional Sentences Type I, II and II Commas are used when grouping by thousands. In India, due to a numeral system using lakhs(lacs) (1,23,456 equal to 123,456) and crores(1,23,45,678 equal to 12,345,678), a comma is used at levels of thousand, lakh, and crore. For example, 10 million (1 crore) would be written as 1,00,00,000 Bei Relativsätzen wird vor who und which ein Komma gesetzt, wenn der Einschub für die Aussage des Satzes nicht notwendig ist.. Beispiel: Her brother, who lives in Chicago, came to see her. Sie hat nur einen Bruder. Der lebt in Chicago und kam sie besuchen When the date appears in the middle of a sentence, commas should appear both before and after the year. Examples The store closed its doors for good on Wednesday, October 15, 1958 Do use a comma before while when you mean whereas or although. What is an introductory prepositional phrase examples? An introductory prepositional phrase is a prepositional phrase found at the beginning of a sentence. Most often, introductory prepositional phrases help describe when, where, or how an event occurs. As a prepositional phrase cannot stand alone, use a comma after the phrase when it contains four or more words
And, if you are using a conjunction at the beginning of a sentence (like we just did), you should only put a comma after it if it is going to be the first in a series of commas. That means that if the only comma your sentence is going to have is the one you put in after the initial conjunction, you should remove it The comma makes clear that the name itself is distinct from the stuff before it, which, as we can see, is more helpful in some cases than others. In Sincerely, Veronica same thing: The comma indicates that the first word isn't connected to the first. But in neither case do we have to reason out whether to use a comma. The rules say to set off the name/other direct address with commas. So we do Quick Guide to Commas. Use commas to separate independent clauses when they are joined by any of these seven coordinating conjunctions: and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet. Use commas after introductory a) clauses, b) phrases, or c) words that come before the main clause Note: The comma should come before the conjunction. Exxaammppllee:: I want to buy the new jacket but it is too expensive. I want to buy the new jacket, but it is too expensive. In this example, there are two independent clauses: #1: I want to buy the new jacket. (complete thought) #2 It is too expensive. (complete thought The commas before the and are necessary. If you don't add the comma, the words before it become a group. This only makes sense in some situations. Example: My favorite celebrity couples are Brad and Angelina, Beyonce and Jay Z, and Ellen and Portia
But there's one comma rule I've flip-flopped on: The second is practical: enforcing the rule would require finding out how many brothers the subject has before deciding between his brother Blair or his brother, Blair, and that can be a lot of effort for a small payoff. I like the clean look of my husband Michael. Yet sometimes, my husband, Michael, seems to flow better in a sentence. A comma is usually not necessary after but except when but is immediately followed by an interrupter, which is a word or phrase that interrupts a sentence to show emotion, tone, or emphasis. Always use a comma before and after an interrupter. I can tell you the secret, but, of course, I will have to kill you. Also use a comma after but when you begin a sentence with but. Apply the above rules
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COMMA RULE #3 - THE COMMA IN A COMPOUND SENTENCE: Use a comma before and, but, or, nor, for, so, or yet to join two independent clauses that form a compound sentence. What is a compound sentence? A compound sentence is a sentence that has 2 independent clauses Comma story - Terisa Folaron - YouTube. Comma story - Terisa Folaron. Watch later. Share. Copy link. Info. Shopping. Tap to unmute. If playback doesn't begin shortly, try restarting your device Comma before which? Posted on February 14, 2018 by admin. In this sentence, do you need to add a comma before the word which? He presents his subjects as mundane objects devoid of apparent meaning which is postmodern in its nihilistic attitude towards art and originality. I've been trying to figure this comma problem using a book called The Grammar Bible but have not. Yes, a comma would be correct here. As can be a conjunction, like in your sentence, or a preposition (As a mother...) or adverb (I'm as tall as you are). The comma helps the reader parse the sentence correctly. But as /u/haleraps suggests, a rewrite would not be a bad idea. level 2
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Find it. Write it. Cite it. The Chicago Manual of Style Online is the venerable, time-tested guide to style, usage, and grammar in an accessible online format. ¶ It is the indispensable reference for writers, editors, proofreaders, indexers, copywriters, designers, and publishers, informing the editorial canon with sound, definitive advice. ¶ Over 1.5 million copies sold Use a comma before and when listing a series. WRONG: The delegation was made up of students from the University of Maryland, Duke and the Citadel. RIGHT: The delegation was made up of students from the University of Maryland, Duke, and the Citadel. 6. Use commas to lead into or out of direct quotes. WRONG: The Archivist said Records and access to them are vital in a democracy.' RIGHT. Insert a comma before the coordinating conjunction. A comma is used to add clarity. Therefore, it's important to use a comma when connecting two independent clauses, as you want to ensure your readers know the two are related. For example, I want to play with my friends, but I have to finish my homework first